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The curtal sonnet is a form invented by Gerard Manley Hopkins, and used in three of his poems. It is an eleven-line (or, more accurately, ten-and-a-half-line) sonnet, but rather than the first eleven lines of a standard sonnet it consists of precisely ¾ of the structure of a Petrarchan sonnet shrunk proportionally. The octave of a sonnet becomes a sestet and the sestet a quatrain plus an additional "tail piece." That is, the first eight lines of a sonnet are translated into the first six lines of a curtal sonnet and the last six lines of a sonnet are translated into the last four and a half lines of a curtal sonnet. Hopkins describes the last line as half a line, though in fact it can be shorter than half of one of Hopkins's standard sprung rhythm lines. In the preface to his ''Poems'' (1876-89), Hopkins describes the relationship between the Petrarchan and curtal sonnets mathematically; if the Petrarchan sonnet can be described by the equation 8+6=14 then, he says, the curtal sonnet would be: :.〔Hopkins, Gerard Manley. ''The Poems of Gerard Manley Hopkins,'' 4th edition. Ed. W.H. Gardner and N.H. Mackenzie. Oxford UP, 1967.〕 Hopkins's only examples of the form are "Pied Beauty," "Peace," and "Ash Boughs." "Pied Beauty" is as follows, showing the proportional relation to the Petrarchan sonnet (not included in the original: the only indication of the form is in the preface). Accents indicate stressed syllables: =4 |} Hopkins's account of the form comes from the preface to his ''Poems'' (1876-89). Critics are generally in agreement that the curtal sonnet does not so much constitute a new form as an interpretation of sonnet form as Hopkins believed it to be; as Elisabeth Schneider argues, the curtal sonnet reveals Hopkins's intense interest in the mathematical proportions of all sonnets.〔Elisabeth W. Schneider, "The Wreck of the Deutschland: A New Reading," ''PMLA,'' Vol. 81, No. 1. (Mar., 1966), pp. 110-122.〕 For an in-depth treatment of all three poems, see Lois Pitchford.〔Pitchford, "The Curtal Sonnets of Gerard Manley Hopkins." ''Modern Language Notes,'' Vol. 67, No. 3. (Mar., 1952), pp. 165-169.〕 The form has been used occasionally since, but primarily as a novelty, in contrast to Hopkins's quite serious use. ==See also== *Caudate sonnet 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Curtal sonnet」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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